make all red

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor inf act

ἐκφοινίξαῑ, ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor inf act

ἐκφοινίξαῑ, ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor inf act

ἐκφοινίξαῑ, ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor inf act

ἐκφοινίξαῑ, ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres part mp fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres part mp fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres part mp fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres part mp fem acc sg (attic epic ionic)

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd pl

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd pl

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd pl

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: pres ind mp 3rd pl

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: imperf ind act 3rd pl

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: imperf ind act 1st sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: imperf ind act 3rd pl

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: imperf ind act 1st sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor ind pass 3rd sg

ἐκφοινίσσω

make all red: aor ind pass 3rd sg

κατερεύθω,

A make all red, κατὰ δ' αἵματι πόντον ἐρ. Opp.H.2.612.

ἐκφοινίσσω,

A make all red or bloody, E.Ph.42:—[voice] Pass., to be bloodshot,

ἐ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Arist.Phgn. 812a37

.

II ἐκφοινίξαι· ἀναγνῶσαι, Hsch.

λευκαίνω fut. λευκανῶ Is 1:18; 1 aor. ἐλεύκανα (B-D-F §72; Mlt-H. 214f), inf. λευκᾶναι. Pass.: fut. λευκανθήσομαι Ps 50:9; pf. ptc. fem. acc. λελευκασμένην TestSol (s. λευκός; Hom. et al.; Apollod. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 107c Jac.; Sb 6754, 18; LXX; TestSol C prol. 1; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 43) make white of clothes whitened by a fuller (Aesop, Fab. 29 P.=59 H.) Mk 9:3. In imagery, make blood-red sins white 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:18); cp. 18:7 (Ps 50:9). In apocal. figure, of martyrs: ἐλεύκαναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ ἀρνίου they have made their robes white in the blood of the Lamb Rv 7:14.—DELG s.v. 1 λευκός. TW.

ἅπτω, [tense] fut. ἅψω: [tense] aor. ἧψα:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἧμμαι, [dialect] Ion.

A

ἅμμαι Hdt.1.86

: [tense] fut.

ἅψομαι Od.9.379

, ἁφθήσομαι ([etym.] συν-) Gal.3.311:—[voice] Med., v.infr. (cf. ἑάφθη):— fasten or bind to, used by Hom., once in [voice] Act., ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν.. ἔντερον οἰός (of a lyre-string) Od.21.408; once in [voice] Med., ἁψαμένη βρόχον.. ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου having fastened the noose to the beam (to hang herself), 11.278; so later

ἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον.. δείρᾳ E.Hipp. 770

;

ἁψαμένη βρόχον αὐχένι A.R.1.1065

:—[voice] Act.,

βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούς E.Or. 1036

; but

βρόχῳ ἅ. δέρην Id.Hel. 136

, cf. AP7.493 (Antip. Thess.).

2 join,

ἅ. χορόν A.Eu. 307

; πάλην τινὶ ἅ. fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, Id.Ch. 868: —[voice] Pass.,

ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσιν Arist.Pol. 1280b14

.

II more freq. in [voice] Med., ἅπτομαι, [tense] fut. ἅψομαι, [tense] aor.

ἡψάμην E.Supp. 317

, with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.

ἧμμαι S.Tr. 1010

(lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 260e:—fasten oneself to, grasp, c.gen.,

ἅψασθαι γούνων Il.1.512

;

χειρῶν 10.377

;

ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν Od.19.473

;

ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν Il.2.152

;

βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος; Od.10.379

, cf. 4.60;

ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς.. ἅπτηται κατόπισθε.. ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε Il.8.339

;

ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐπεόντος ἐπὶ τῶν δενδρέων καρποῦ Hdt.2.32

;

τῶν τύμβων ἁπτόμενοι Id.4.172

; ἅπτεσθαί τινος, Lat. manus inicere alicui, Id.3.137;

οὔτ' ἔθιγεν οὔθ' ἥψαθ' ἡμῶν E.Ba. 617

; τῶν σφυγμῶν feel the pulse, Arr.Epict.3.22.73: metaph., take hold of, cleave to, Pl.Lg. 967c.

b abs., τῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλε' ἅπτεται for the spears of all the Trojans reach their mark, Il.17.631;

ἀμφοτέρων βέλε' ἥπτετο 8.67

.

c

ἅ. τῆς γῆς

land,

D.S.4.48

.

III metaph., engage in, undertake,

βουλευμάτων S.Ant. 179

;

ἀγῶνος E. Supp. 317

; πολέμου prosecute it vigorously, Th.5.61;

ἧπται τοῦ πράγματος D.21.155

;

ψυχὴ ἡμμένη φόνων Pl.Phd. 108b

, cf. E.IT 381;

τῶν μεγίστων ἀσεβημάτων Plb.7.13.6

; so

ἅ. τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ φιλοσοφίας Pl.R. 411c

; ἐπιτηδεύματος ib. 497e;

γεωμετρίας Id.Plt. 266a

;

τῆς θαλάττης Plb.1.24.7

;

ἅπτεσθαι λόγου E.Andr. 662

, Pl.Euthd. 283a (but ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ λόγου attack, impugn the argument of another, Id.Phd. 86d); τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, handled them, Th.1.97;

ἅ. τῆς ζητήσεως Arist.GC 320b34

; but also, touch on, treat superficially, Pl.Lg. 694c, Arist.EE 1227a1.

b abs., begin, set to work,

ταῖς διανοίαις Ar.Ec. 581

.

2 fasten upon, attack, Pi.N.8.22, A.Ag. 1608, etc.;

μόνον τῷ δακτύλῳ Ar.Lys. 365

;

τῆς οὐραγίας Plb.2.34.12

; esp. with words, Hdt.5.92.γ; of diseases,

ἧπταί μου S.Tr. 1010

, cf. Gal.15.702;

ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων Th.2.48

; ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων all that feed on human flesh, ib.50.

b lay hands on,

χρημάτων Pl.Lg. 913a

;

τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Id.R. 360b

, etc.

3 touch, affect,

ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκροῦ A.Fr. 255

, cf. S.OC 955;

ἅπτει μου τοῖς λόγοις τῆς ψυχῆς Pl. Ion 535a

;

τῆς ἐμῆς ἥψω φρενός E.Rh. 916

;

ὥς μου χρησμὸς ἅ. φρενῶν Ar.Eq. 1237

; make an impression upon,

ἡμῶν OGI315.56

(Pessinus, ii B. C.).

4 grasp with the senses, perceive, S.OC 1550, Pl.Phd. 99e; apprehend,

τῆς αἰτίας Arist.Resp. 472a3

.

5 have intercourse with a woman, Pl.Lg. 84ca, Arist.Pol. 1335b40, 1 Ep.Cor. 7.1;

εὐνῆς E.Ph. 946

.

6 come up to, reach, overtake, X.HG5.4.43; attain,

τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Phd. 65b

;

τοῦ τέλους Id.Smp. 211b

: in Pi., c. dat.,

ἀγλαΐαις P.10.28

;

στάλαισιν Ἡρακλείαις Id.I.4(3).12

; but also c. gen.,

Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν Id.O.3.44

.

7 make use of, avail oneself of,

τῆς τύχης E.IA56

.

8 Geom., of bodies and surfaces, to be in contact, Arist.Ph. 231a22, cf. Metaph. 1002a34, al., S.E.M.3.35; of lines or curves, meet, Euc.3Def.2; touch, Id.4Def.5, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.28; pass through a point, Euc.4Defs.2,6; of points, lie on a line or curve, ib.Defs.1,3; ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας the locus of the point is a given straight line, Id. ap. Papp.656.6,al.

B [voice] Act., kindle, set on fire (i.e. by contact of fire), Hdt.8.52, etc. (so in [voice] Med., Call.Dian. 116);

ἐρείκης θωμὸν ἅψαντες πυρί A.Ag. 295

: metaph.,

πυρσὸν ὕμνων Pi.I.4(3).43

:—[voice] Pass., to be set on fire,

ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάϊνος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν ἅψεσθαι Od.9.379

; ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον.. ἅψατο νηοῦ as soon as the corn caught fire, it set fire to the temple, Hdt.1.19; πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένης ib.86;

ἧπται πυρί E.Hel. 107

.

II ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire, ib. 503:—[voice] Pass., ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Th.4.100;

δᾷδ' ἐνεγκάτω τις ἡμμένην Ar.Nu. 1490

, cf. Pl. 301.

III cook, Alex.124.1.

πυρόω fut. πυρώσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐπύρωσα LXX. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐπυρώθην; pf. ptc. πεπυρωμένος (Pind. et al.; ins, LXX, Philo) prim. as act. ‘burn someth. with fire’, in our lit. only pass. (Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 372a of torments in Tartarus; Philo).

① to cause to be on fire, burn

ⓐ lit., of the fiery end of the world οὐρανοὶ πυρούμενοι λυθήσονται the heavens will be set ablaze and dissolved 2 Pt 3:12. In imagery τὰ βέλη τὰ πεπυρωμένα (s. βέλος) Eph 6:16 (s. Cicero, Tusc. Disp. 5, 27, 76).

ⓑ fig. (act. Cornutus 25 p. 47, 11 πυροῦν τ. ψυχάς; pass., Horapollo 1, 22 ἡ καρδία πυροῦται) burn, be inflamed w. sympathy, readiness to aid, or indignation 2 Cor 11:29 (cp. 2 Macc 4:38; 10:35; 14:45; 3 Macc 4:2; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 84 πεπύρωται ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ θεοῦ. So prob. also the Jewish-Gk. ins fr. Tell el Yehudieh ed. Ltzm. [ZNW 22, 1923, 282] 18, 5 πατὴρ καὶ μήτηρ οἱ πυρώμενοι=‘father and mother, who are burning w. grief’; cp. Sb 6646; 6659; Ltzm. thinks of the burning of the dead and refers to 20, 4, but there the act. is used); burn with sexual desire 1 Cor 7:9 (on the topic cp.Hos 7:4; Sir 23:17; for poetic expression of ardent desire s. Anacreontea 11, 15 Preis.: Ἔρως εὐθέως με πύρωσον; cp. Sappho Fgm. 36 and 48; a common theme in magical pap, e.g. PGM 4, 2931 βάλε πυρσὸν ἔρωτα; 36, 111; 200 πυρουμένη; PBerlin 9909, 48; cp. Plut., Mor. 138f; 752d; 753a et al.—SGordon, ET 21, 1910, 478f).

② to cause to be very hot, make red hot, cause to glow, heat thoroughly (Lucian, Alex. 21 βελόνην) of metals πεπυρωμένον σίδηρον APt 13:28. By such heating precious metals are tested and refined (Job 22:25; Ps 11:7; 65:10; Pr 10:20) Rv 1:15 (πεπυρωμένης is one of the linguistic peculiarities of Rv [s. καὶ ἔχων which follows soon thereafter]. All the variant readings [-μένῳ,-μένοι] here are simply efforts at improvement; on Aramaic connection s. Mussies 98f. FRehkopf, JJeremias Festschr. ’70, 214–19); 3:18; MPol 15:2.—Hv 4, 3, 4 makes a comparison betw. the refining influence of fire on metals and the effect that fiery trials have in removing impurities from Christians.—DELG s.v. πύρ. M-M. TW.

ἀμφερυθαίνω,

A redden, make red all over, Q.S.1.60.

βαπτίζω fut. βαπτίσω; 1 aor. ἐβάπτισα. Mid.: ἐβαπτισάμην. Pass.: impf. ἐβαπτιζόμην; fut. βαπτισθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐβαπτίσθην; pf. ptc. βεβαπτισμένος (Hippocr., Pla., esp. Polyb.+; UPZ 70, 13 [152/151 B.C.]; PGM 5, 69; LXX; ApcSed 14:7 [p. 136, 8f Ja.]; Philo; Joseph.; SibOr 5, 478; Just.; Mel., Fgm. 8, 1 and 2 Goodsp.=8b, 4 and 14 P.—In Gk. lit. gener. to put or go under water in a variety of senses, also fig., e.g. ‘soak’ Pla., Symp. 176b in wine) in our lit. only in ritual or ceremonial sense (as Plut.; Herm. Wr. [s. 2a below]; PGM 4, 44; 7, 441 λουσάμενος κ. βαπτισάμενος; 4 Km 5:14; Sir 34:25; Jdth 12:7; cp. Iren. 1, 21, 3 [Harv. I 183, 83]).

① wash ceremonially for purpose of purification, wash, purify, of a broad range of repeated ritual washing rooted in Israelite tradition (cp. Just., D. 46, 2) Mk 7:4; Lk 11:38; Ox 840, 15.—WBrandt, Jüd. Reinheitslehre u. ihre Beschreibg. in den Ev. 1910; ABüchler, The Law of Purification in Mk 7:1–23: ET 21, 1910, 34–40; JDöller, D. Reinheits-u. Speisegesetze d. ATs 1917; JJeremias, TZ 5, ’49, 418–28. See 1QS 5:8–23; 2:25–3:12; 4:20–22.

② to use water in a rite for purpose of renewing or establishing a relationship w. God, plunge, dip, wash, baptize. The transliteration ‘baptize’ signifies the ceremonial character that NT narratives accord such cleansing, but the need of qualifying statements or contextual coloring in the documents indicates that the term β. was not nearly so technical as the transliteration suggests.

ⓐ of dedicatory cleansing associated w. the ministry of John the Baptist (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 47, 4), abs. J 1:25, 28; 3:23a; 10:40; hence John is called ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 1:4; 6:14, 24 (Goodsp., Probs. 50–52).—Pass. Mt 3:16; ISm 1:1; oft. have oneself baptized, get baptized Mt 3:13f; Lk 3:7, 12, 21; 7:30; J 3:23b; GEb 18, 35f; IEph 18:2 al. (B-D-F §314; s. §317).—(ἐν) ὕδατι w. water Mk 1:8a; Lk 3:16a; Ac 1:5a; 11:16a; ἐν (τῷ) ὕδατι J 1:26, 31, 33; ἐν τῷ Ἰορδ. (4 Km 5:14) Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; εἰς τὸν Ἰορδ. (cp. Plut., Mor. 166a βάπτισον σεαυτὸν εἰς θάλασσαν; Herm. Wr. 4, 4 βάπτισον σεαυτὸν εἰς τὸν κρατῆρα) Mk 1:9.—W. the external element and purpose given ἐν ὕδατι εἰς μετάνοιαν Mt 3:11a (AOliver, Is β. used w. ἐν and the Instrumental?: RevExp 35, ’38, 190–97).—βαπτίζεσθαι τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου undergo John’s baptism Lk 7:29. εἰς τί ἐβαπτίσθητε; Ac 19:3 means, as the answer shows, in reference to what (baptism) were you baptized? i.e. what kind of baptism did you receive (as the context indicates, John’s baptism was designed to implement repentance as a necessary stage for the reception of Jesus; with the arrival of Jesus the next stage was the receipt of the Holy Spirit in connection with apostolic baptism in the name of Jesus, who was no longer the ‘coming one’, but the arrived ‘Lord’)? β. βάπτισμα μετανοίας administer a repentance baptism vs. 4; GEb 13, 74.—S. the lit. on Ἰωάν(ν)ης 1, and on the baptism of Jesus by John: JBornemann, D. Taufe Christi durch Joh. 1896; HUsener, D. Weihnachtsfest² 1911; DVölter, D. Taufe Jesu durch Joh.: NThT 6, 1917, 53–76; WBundy, The Meaning of Jesus’ Baptism: JR 7, 1927, 56–75; MJacobus, Zur Taufe Jesu bei Mt 3:14, 15: NKZ 40, 1929, 44–53; SHirsch, Taufe, Versuchung u. Verklärung Jesu ’32; DPlooij, The Baptism of Jesus: RHarris Festschr. (Amicitiae Corolla), ed. HWood ’33, 239–52; JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36; HRowley, TManson memorial vol., ed. Higgins ’59, 218–29 (Qumran); JSchneider, Der historische Jesus u. d. kerygmatische Christus ’61, 530–42; HKraft, TZ 17, ’61, 399–412 (Joel); FLentzen-Dies, D. Taufe Jesu nach den Synoptikern, ’70. More reff. s.v. περιστερά.

ⓑ of cleansing performed by Jesus J 3:22, 26; 4:1; difft. 4:2 with disclaimer of baptismal activity by Jesus personally.

ⓒ of the Christian sacrament of initiation after Jesus’ death (freq. pass.; s. above 2a; Iren. 3, 12, 9 [Harv. II 63, 3]) Mk 16:16; Ac 2:41; 8:12f, 36, 38; 9:18; 10:47; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 22:16; 1 Cor 1:14–17; D 7 (where baptism by pouring is allowed in cases of necessity); ISm 8:2.—β. τινὰ εἰς (τὸ) ὄνομά τινος (s. ὄνομα 1dγב) baptize in or w. respect to the name of someone: (τοῦ) κυρίου Ac 8:16; 19:5; D 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3. Cp. 1 Cor 1:13, 15. εἰς τ. ὄν. τ. πατρὸς καὶ τ. υἱοῦ καὶ τ. ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the original form of the baptismal formula see FConybeare, ZNW 2, 1901, 275–88; ERiggenbach, BFCT VII/1, 1903; VIII/4, 1904; HHoltzmann, Ntl. Theologie² I 1911, 449f; OMoe: RSeeberg Festschr. 1929, I 179–96; GOngaro, Biblica 19, ’38, 267–79; GBraumann, Vorpaulinische christl. Taufverkündigung bei Paulus ’62); D 7:1, 4. Likew. ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χριστοῦ Ac 2:38 v.l.; 10:48; ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. Ac 2:38 text; more briefly εἰς Χριστόν Gal 3:27; Ro 6:3a. To be baptized εἰς Χρ. is for Paul an involvement in Christ’s death and its implications for the believer εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ἐβαπτίσθημεν vs. 3b (s. Ltzm. ad loc.; HSchlier, EvTh ’38, 335–47; GWagner, D. relgeschichtliche Problem von Rö 6:1–11, ’62, tr. Pauline Bapt. and the Pagan Mysteries, by JSmith, ’67; RSchnackenburg, Baptism in the Thought of St. Paul ’64, tr. of D. Heilsgeschehen b. d. Taufe nach dem Ap. Paulus ’50). The effect of baptism is to bring all those baptized εἰς ἓν σῶμα 1 Cor 12:13 (perh. wordplay: ‘plunged into one body’).—W. the purpose given εἰς ἄφεσιν τ. ἁμαρτιῶν Ac 2:38 (IScheftelowitz, D. Sündentilgung durch Wasser: ARW 17, 1914, 353–412).—Diod S 5, 49, 6: many believe that by being received into the mysteries by the rites (τελεταί) they become more devout, more just, and better in every way.—ὑπὲρ τ. νεκρῶν 1 Cor 15:29a, s. also vs. * 29b, is obscure because of our limited knowledge of a practice that was evidently obvious to the recipients of Paul’s letter; it has been interpr. (1) in place of the dead, i.e. vicariously; (2) for the benefit of the dead, in var. senses; (3) locally, over (the graves of) the dead; (4) on account of the dead, infl. by their good ex.; of these the last two are the least probable. See comm. and HPreisker, ZNW 23, 1924, 298–304; JZingerle, Heiliges Recht: JÖAI 23, 1926; Rtzst., Taufe 43f; AMarmorstein, ZNW 30, ’31, 277–85; AOliver, RevExp 34, ’37, 48–53; three articles: Kirchenblatt 98, ’42 and six: ET 54, ’43; 55, ’44; MRaeder, ZNW 46, ’56, 258–60; BFoschini, 5 articles: CBQ 12, ’50 and 13, ’51.—On the substitution of a ceremony by another person cp. Diod S 4, 24, 5: the boys who do not perform the customary sacrifices lose their voices and become as dead persons in the sacred precinct. When someone takes a vow to make the sacrifice for them, their trouble disappears at once.

③ to cause someone to have an extraordinary experience akin to an initiatory water-rite, to plunge, baptize. Cp. ‘take the plunge’ and s. OED ‘Plunge’ II 5 esp. for the rendering of usage 3c, below.

ⓐ typologically of Israel’s passage through the Red Sea εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν ἐβαπτίσαντο they got themselves plunged/ baptized for Moses, thereby affirming his leadership 1 Cor 10:2 v.l. (if the pass. ἐβαπτίσθησαν is to be read with N. the point remains the same; but the mid. form puts the onus, as indicated by the context, on the Israelites).

ⓑ of the Holy Spirit (fire) β. τινὰ (ἐν) πνεύματι ἁγίῳ Mk 1:8 (v.l. + ἐν); J 1:33; Ac 1:5b; 11:16b; cp. 1 Cor 12:13 (cp. Just., D. 29, 1). ἐν πν. ἁγ. καὶ πυρί Mt 3:11b; Lk 3:16b (JDunn, NovT 14, ’72, 81–92). On the oxymoron of baptism w. fire: REisler, Orphischdionysische Mysterienged. in d. christl. Antike: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg II/2, 1925, 139ff; CEdsman, Le baptême de feu (ASNU 9) ’40. JATRobinson, The Baptism of John and Qumran, HTR 50, ’57, 175–91; cp. 1QS 4:20f.

ⓒ of martyrdom (s. the fig. uses in UPZ 70, 13 [152/151 B.C.]; Diod S 1, 73, 6; Plut., Galba 1062 [21, 3] ὀφλήμασι βεβ. ‘overwhelmed by debts’; Chariton 2, 4, 4, βαπτιζόμενος ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμίας; Vi. Aesopi I c. 21 p. 278, 4 λύπῃ βαπτιζόμενος; Achilles Tat. 3, 10, 1 πλήθει βαπτισθῆναι κακῶν; Herm. Wr. 4, 4 ἐβαπτίσαντο τοῦ νοός; Is 21:4; Jos., Bell. 4, 137 ἐβάπτισεν τ. πόλιν ‘he drowned the city in misery’) δύνασθε τὸ βάπτισμα ὸ̔ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθῆναι; Mk 10:38 (perh. the stark metaph. of impending personal disaster is to be rendered, ‘are you prepared to be drowned the way I’m going to be drowned?’); cp. vs. 39; Mt 20:22 v.l.; in striking contrast to fire Lk 12:50 (GDelling, Novum Testamentum 2, ’57, 92–115).—PAlthaus, Senior, D. Heilsbedeutung d. Taufe im NT 1897; WHeitmüller, Im Namen Jesu 1903, Taufe u. Abendmahl b. Paulus 1903, Taufe u. Abendmahl im Urchristentum 1911; FRendtorff, D. Taufe im Urchristentum 1905; HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde im ältesten Christentum 1908; ASeeberg, D. Taufe im NT² 1913; AvStromberg, Studien zu Theorie u. Praxis der Taufe 1913; GottfrKittel, D. Wirkungen d. chr. Wassertaufe nach d. NT: StKr 87, 1914, 25ff; WKoch, D. Taufe im NT³ 1921; JLeipoldt, D. urchr. Taufe im Lichte der Relgesch. 1928; RReitzenstein, D. Vorgesch. d. christl. Taufe 1929 (against him HSchaeder, Gnomon 5, 1929, 353–70, answered by Rtzst., ARW 27, 1929, 241–77); FDölger, Ac I 1929, II 1930; HvSoden, Sakrament u. Ethik bei Pls: ROtto Festschr., Marburger Theologische Studien ’31, no. 1, 1–40; MEnslin, Crozer Quarterly 8, ’31, 47–67; BBacon, ATR 13, ’31, 155–74; CBowen: RHutcheon, Studies in NT, ’36, 30–48; GBornkamm, ThBl 17, ’38, 42–52; 18, ’39, 233–42; HSchlier, EvTh ’38, 335–47 ( Ro 6); EBruston, La notion bibl. du baptême: ÉTLR ’38, 67–93; 135–50; HMarsh, The Origin and Signif. of the NT Baptism ’41; KBarth, D. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe² ’43 (Eng. tr., The Teaching of the Church Regarding Baptism, EPayne ’48); FGrant, ATR 27, ’45, 253–63; HSchlier, D. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe: TLZ 72, ’47, 321–26; OCullmann, Baptism in the NT (tr. JReid) ’50; MBarth, D. Taufe ein Sakrament? ’51; RBultmann, Theology of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, I 133–44; JSchneider, D. Taufe im NT ’52; DStanley, TS 18, ’57, 169–215; EFascher, Taufe: Pauly-W. 2. Reihe IV 2501–18 (’32); AOepke, TW I ’33, 527–44; GBeasley-Murray, Baptism in the NT ’62; MQuesnel, Baptisés dans l’Esprit ’85 (Acts); DDaube, The NT and Rabbinic Judaism ’56, 106–40; NMcEleney, Conversion, Circumstance and the Law: NTS 20, ’74, 319–41; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT II ’66, 1–29; OBetz, D. Proselytentaufe der Qumransekte u. d. NT: RevQ 1, ’58, 213–34; JYsebaert, Gk. Baptismal Terminology, ’62. S. τέκνον 1aα.—B. 1482. DELG s.v. βάπτω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.